The Central Nervous System Structure And Function Pdf Free
6704223018 ISBN978-0-7817-6003-4. ISBN978-0-07-139011-8. Further it is involved in motion that has been learned and perfected though practice, and will adapt to new learned movements.[8] Despite its previous classification as a motor structure, the cerebellum also displays connections to areas of the cerebral cortex involved in language as well as cognitive functions. Planarians, members of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms), have the simplest, clearly defined delineation of a nervous system into a central nervous system (CNS) and a peripheral nervous system (PNS).[10][11] Their primitive brains, consisting of two fused anterior ganglia, and longitudinal nerve cords form the CNS; the laterally projecting nerves form the PNS. Additionally parts of the visual and auditory systems are located in the mid brain, including control of automatic eye movements.[8].
A molecular study found that more than 95% of the 116 genes involved in the nervous system of planarians, which includes genes related to the CNS, also exist in humans.[12] Like planarians, vertebrates have a distinct CNS and PNS, though more complex than those of planarians. The white matter consists of axons and oligodendrocytes, while the gray matter consists of neurons and unmyelinated fibers. PMC3480721. Berlin: Springer. Brain[edit]. National Library of Medicine. ISBN978-0-07-297004-3. Other nuclei are involved in balance, taste, hearing and control of muscles of the face and neck.[8]. Planaria[edit]. The brain (cerebrum as well as midbrain and hindbrain) consists of a cortex, composed of neuron-bodies constituting gray matter, while internally there is more white matter that form tracts and commissures.
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